PREVALENCE OF BURNOUT SYMPTOMS IN NURSES HOSPITAL ASSIGNED TO COVID-19 ISOLATION ROOMS

Background: Burnout is a health problem that may happen to nurses and may impact patient safety and organization in any situations, especially during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of burnout among nurses in charge of isolation rooms and its relationship to their demographics factor. Methods: This research design is descriptive-analytic quantitative and cross-sectional. It involved 124 nurses assigned to isolation rooms for COVID-19 patients admitted to the first referral hospital in Bali. Data were collected using a questionnaire adopted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory to identify burnout symptoms. Demographic questionnaire was administered to garner respondents' demographics. Results: High category of burnout was related to emotional exhaustion found in 66.1% of the respondents, depersonalization in 33.1%, and reduced personal accomplishment in 0.8%. Age, marital status, education, and gender were not related to burnout. Nurses who worked in non-ICU experienced higher burnout than ICU (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of burnout symptoms in the nurses who were in charge in COVID-19 isolation rooms is in the high category. Hospital management must consider demographic factors to improve the work environment, recruit new employees, conduct routine health checks, and provide mental health treatments consistently. © 2022, Airlangga University. All rights reserved.

Operational Status of Isolation Rooms in Emergency Departments and Patient Concentration in Higher-Level Emergency Departments in Daegu Metropolitan City and Neighboring Provinces, South Korea, during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: In a pandemic situation such as the one of the COVID-19 pandemic, nosocomial transmissions attempted to be prevented by initially classifying them in triage. Therefore, emergency departments (EDs) installed isolation rooms at their entrance. Additionally, a system for pre-emptive quarantine at the triage stage was established nationwide for patients with COVID-19-related symptoms. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from 28,609 patients who visited the regional emergency medical center of Yeungnam University Hospital in Daegu Metropolitan City in 2021. The study population was divided into experimental and control groups comprising patients with and without COVID-19-related symptoms, respectively. The difference in the percentage of patients visiting from outside the city was investigated between the two groups. The critically ill patient (CP) ratio was analyzed in the experimental group to verify the appropriateness of visiting a higher-level ED and was further divided into sub-regions to determine their reason for visiting an ED beyond their residential region. RESULTS: Most lower-level EDs did not have isolation rooms. About 20.1% and 17.3% of patients in the experimental and control groups visited a higher-level ED with an isolation room beyond their residential region, respectively. The absence of an isolation room in the ED in their residential region was one reason for traveling beyond their residential region, with an odds ratio of 4.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-8.35). CONCLUSION: In the process of implementing the "pre-emptive quarantine" system, it was revealed that the cooperation of the lower-level EDs was not effective during the implementation of the "pre-emptive quarantine" system. Consequently, a higher number of patients with COVID-19-related symptoms had to locate an ED with an isolation room and travel a longer distance than general patients. The participation of more EDs is required.

A qualitative description of nurses’ problems to monitor and supervise vital signs in COVID-19 patients in isolation room

Introduction: Changes and deterioration of the condition of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) patients are unknown and can even lead to the death of the patient in the isolation room. This study focuses on identifying the problem of nurses monitoring and supervising the vital signs of COVID-19 patients in the isolation room. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted in January 2022 at a private hospital in Sukoharjo, Central Java. Ten participants who met the inclusion criteria were involved through purposive sampling. The semi-structured interview guidelines were developed by the researcher, and they used them to obtain the data. Interviews were recorded using a recorder device. The data from the interviews were recorded verbatim and analyzed using inductive content analysis following Elo and Kyngas’s method. The member checking and thick description were done to maintain the validity of the data. Results: Three main themes were found from the emerging data, including 1) the comparison of nurses and patients is not ideal with patients’ conditions that cannot be predicted, 2) personal protective equipment (PPE) and monitoring tools have not reached the appropriateness target, and 3) the demand for high-technology vital sign monitoring devices was not feasible. Conclusions: The problems being faced by the nurses in monitoring and supervising the vital signs of COVID-19 patients in the isolation room need innovative tools. Therefore, it is important for policymakers and related parties to create high-technology solutions for the isolation rooms to improve nursing service effectively and ensure the safety of both the patients and the nurses. © 2022 Jurnal Ners. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative.

Understanding Patients with COVID in the Isolation Rooms from the Perspective of Care: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: Being treated in isolation rooms for people infected with COVID-19, creates various perceptions of uncertainty, especially when strict "health protocols" are applied. This study aims to determine the understanding patients with COVID in the intensive care unit from the perspective of care. Materials and Methods: The research design used phenomenological qualitative with in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling was used with interpretive phenomenological analysis. Participants were 25 patients who had been exposed to COVID-19, consisting of 10 men and 15 women. Results: This study resulted in the theme of the perception of COVID-19 sufferers while undergoing treatment in isolation rooms, with four themes, namely, 1) mental attacks, 2) feel like fighting alone, 3) expecting Concern, 4) positive attitude. Conclusion: This analysis shows that various perceptions of uncertainty that are felt while being treated in the isolation room due to suffering from COVID-19 disease can be anticipated by increasing the awareness of nurses to be closer to patients through caring-based nursing practices by emphasizing meaningful interpersonal relationships.

Thermal Environmental Control System in Airborne Infection Isolation Room

Article presents the development of the Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) thermal environmental control system. To support Covid-19 patients in the Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) Betong Hospital. The parameters to be controlled are according to the CDC and ASHRAE standard. Air pressure in the Isolation room <-mathbf{2}.mathbf{5}mathbf{Pa} Air Temperature Relative Humidity and Air Chang Rate are 21-24°C, 40-60%RH and 12 ACH respectively [1], [2]. The dehumidification system is a Desiccant wheel (DW) with diameters of 60 cm containing 3 kg of silica gel. The result of the measurement experimental in AIIR found that negative pressure-6.5 Pa average temperature relative humidity and air changes rate is 37.78°C 48.06 %RH and 16.57 ACH respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

IEEE 11073 SDC for Pandemics like COVID-19: Example Implementation of an Isolation Room

Treating patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) isolation room is full of challenges for the caregivers and the patients. While this is known for years, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted these challenges as if under a burning glass – intensified by a high number of patients at the same time. The risk of infection for the caregivers is very high inside the isolation room and the time spent for putting on and taking off personal protective equipment (PPE) is enormous. Thus, every treatment that can be performed from the anteroom of the isolation room at the same quality level as if being inside the isolation room is a potential building block for solving the challenges. However, data like vital signs have to be provided to the anteroom, alarms have to be transferred to the right caregiver at the right place, and controlling medical device parameters from the anteroom are prerequisites. The new IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) series of standards is a key technology to realize this. Therefore, this paper presents an example implementation of IEEE 11073 SDC-based ICU isolation rooms by means of a demonstrator. Such systems can significantly reduce the amount of time the caregivers have to spend in the isolation room and reduce the number of clothing (PPE) changes while providing care at a level of a non-isolation room. As a midterm goal these are steps for the vision of a “silent/quiet ICU”. © 2022 The Author(s), published by De Gruyter.

SMART MONITORING PATIENT DESIGN IN THE ISOLATION ROOM (CASE STUDY: TELKOM UNIVERSITY DORMITORY WITH COMPUTER VISION)

Seeing the current phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is very important to implement health protocols and adopt new normal habits. In general, this research aims to contribute telkom university in helping the government / government overcome this pandemic problem. In addition, this research will also design a Covid-19 Patient Monitoring System in the telkom university dormitory building area. In this study, the authors used the approach of the hevner conceptual method. While the method used for problem solving is the M&S (Modeling and Simulation Research) method. The research that will be carried out will also produce updates, namely the role of patient monitoring with the application of this technology computer vision so that Covid-19 patients can be monitored in real time without making direct contact. This research has enormous strategic value and offers real solutions for the Government / government, especially the West Java government which is experiencing difficulties related to providing places for self-isolation. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Melihat fenomena pandemi Covid-19 saat ini, sangat penting untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan dan mengadopsi kebiasaan new normal. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai kontribusi Telkom University dalam membantu Government/pemerintah mengatasi permasalahan pandemi ini. Selain itu penelitian ini juga akan merancang Sistem Monitoring Pasien Covid-19 di area gedung asrama Telkom University. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan metode konseptual hevner. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk penyelesaian masalah yaitu dengan metode M&S (Modeling and Simulation Research). Penelitian yang akan dilakukan ini juga akan menghasilkan pembaharuan yaitu adanya peran monitoring pasien dengan aplikasi teknologi computer vision tersebut sehingga pasien Covid-19 dapat dimonitor secara real time tanpa melakukan kontak langsung. Penelitian ini memiliki nilai strategis yang sangat besar dan menawarkan solusi nyata bagi Government/ pemerintah khususnya pemerintah Jawa Barat yang sedang mengalami kesulitan terkait dengan penyediaan tempat untuk isolasi mandiri. (Indonesian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Syntax Literate is the property of Ridwan Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

A Reference Model and HVAC Design Criteria of Mobile Negative Pressure Isolation Room for Responding to Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Due to climate change coupled with the increase of zoonotic diseases, infectious diseases are more likely to occur and spread in the future;therefore, new alternatives and methods related to treatment environments should be considered. Under the global landscape of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients who need to be cared for through negative isolation rooms is increasing. Consequently, it is essential to secure temporary medical facilities that can remain operational during a pandemic. These facilities must be safe and secured so that public confidence is increased, and treatment expedited. This study proposes a reference model and HVAC design criteria for mobile negative pressure isolation room modular systems to minimize cross-infection inside the health care space and ensure the safety of health care workers (HCWs) as well as securing rapid medical service supplies. The mobile negative pressure isolation room module basically reflects the one-way airflow direction from clean zone to dirty zone, and appropriate differential pressure control that separates the air environment between the HCW’s and the patient. If properly installed, the location of the exhaust air vents need to be directly above the patient’s bed, specifically on the wall near the head of the bed. The installation of the headboard on the patient’s bed as an exhaust air ventilation location was considered for infection prevention and control when performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). © 2022 Architectural Institute of Korea.

Negative Air Pressure Isolation Room for COVID-19 Patients in the Philippines: A Simulation of the Proposed Design using SolidWorks

Since the start of the 2019 pandemic, medical staff and non-medical staff are fighting on the front line in all hospitals worldwide. However, the possibility of healthcare workers' scarcity due to the increasing medical infection rate is ignored in many recent studies. To prevent such things to happen, the installation of a negative air pressure isolation room is proposed to Norzagaray Municipal Hospital (NMH). Primary parameters such as filtration, pressure management, and dilution ventilation were investigated in SOLIDWORKS simulation software by removing one parameter per simulation. Two existing schemes were simulated, and the primary parameters present were evaluated. Three ventilation design set-ups were designed and the effects of the varying placements of the primary parameters to the airflow pattern in a negative air pressure isolation room were determined. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted to determine if the cost of installing the negative air pressure room outweighs its benefit. The set-up where the High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) machine is inside the room is proposed to NMH as this abides by the Department of Health (DOH) memorandum and standards on Airborne Infection Isolation Rooms (AIIRs) and is the most effective of the three set-ups. Results show that filtration filters the infectious particles, pressure management manages the proper airflow direction, and dilution ventilation makes sure there are enough air changes per hour to filter a percentage of infectious particles. In the existing schemes, all the primary parameters were used to contain the infectious particles in the room, however, the effectivity of the filtration also depends on the location of the patient, supply, and exhaust. The most significant effect of the varying placements of the primary parameters can be seen in filtration as only the set-up where the HEPA machine is inside the room was able to filter 100% of the infectious particles. It is also the most profitable ventilation design set-up with a 2.08 CBA ratio and has the least payback period of 5.8 months. © 2021 IEEE.

Ventilation Performance Evaluation of a Negative-Pressurized Isolation Room for Emergency Departments.

Due to the emergence of COVID-19 becoming a significant pandemic worldwide, hospitals are expected to be capable and flexible in responding to the pandemic situation. Moreover, as frontline healthcare staff, emergency department (ED) staff have a high possibility of exposure risk to infectious airborne. The ED isolation room will possibly and effectively isolate the infected patient, therefore safekeeping frontline healthcare staff and controlling the outbreak. However, there is still limited knowledge available regarding isolation room facilities specifically for the emergency department. In this study, field measurement is conducted in an ED isolation room located in Taiwan. CFD simulation is employed to simulate and investigate the airflow and airborne contaminant distribution. Instead of high air-change rates (ACH) that purposes for dilution, this study proposes the arrangement of exhaust air grilles to improve the contaminant removal. The results reveal that the exhaust air grille placed behind the patient's head is optimized to dilute airborne contaminants.

Behavior of cough droplets emitted from Covid-19 patient in hospital isolation room with different ventilation configurations.

The world is now facing the Covid-19 pandemic and the control of Covid-19 spread in health care facilities is a serious concern. The ventilation system in hospital isolation rooms with infectious patients plays a significant role in minimizing the spread of viruses and the risk of infection in hospital. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is applied to investigate the important factors on transport and evaporation of multi-component cough droplets in the isolation room with different ventilation configurations. We analyzed the effects of various air outlet positions on the removal efficiency of infectious droplets in isolation room and proposed the optimum location of exhaust vent in hospital isolation room to maximize the droplet removal efficiencies. We found that the evaporation rate of droplets is strongly dependent on the relative humidity (RH) and, at low RH, the large-sized droplets with Covid-19 virus can evaporate quickly and become small-sized aerosols to stay in air for a long time and the Covid-19 can propagate more easily through the respiratory organs during breathing. It also explains why the Covid-19 can propagate faster in winter with low humidity than in summer with high humidity.

Infection Control Improvement of a Negative-Pressurized Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus raises alarming concern around the healthcare facilities due to the significant increase in patient inflow. Negative-pressurized isolation rooms have been utilized in various health care facilities to isolate the patients from active community contact. Several studies have highlighted isolation rooms improvement. However, limited knowledge is available regarding the isolation room facilities for pediatric intensive care units (PICU) to accommodate more than one pediatric patient. In this aspect, this study investigates a negative-pressurized isolation facility in PICU with minimal design modifications with the possibility that it can accommodate more than one pediatric patient. The field measurement tests were conducted to ensure the design compliance of Taiwan CDC. Then, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was further utilized to numerically evaluate the HVAC system role and the ventilation performance towards infection control. A protected air-jet curtain system with a new ventilation layout was proposed through this study to enhance the protection for both pediatric patients and medical staff. The concentration decay was monitored and recorded within 900 s to evaluate the performance. The concentration can be reduced to 504 ppm for case 1, 620 ppm for case 2, 501 ppm for case 3, and 486 ppm for case 4. In addition, the injected bioaerosol particles could be well diluted dealing with two patients presents a good performance. The results revealed that this proposed configuration could feasibly accommodate two patients with a significant contamination control to protect the medical staff and patients.

Performance Improvement of a Negative-Pressurized Isolation Room for Infection Control.

Negative-pressurized isolation rooms have been approved effectively and applied widely for infectious patients. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a huge demand for negative-pressurized isolation rooms. It is critical and essential to ensure infection control performance through best practice of ventilation systems and optimum airflow distribution within isolation rooms. This study investigates a retrofitting project of an isolation room to accommodate COVID-19 patients. The field measurement has been conducted to ensure the compliance with the design specification from the CDC of Taiwan. The pressure differentials between negative-pressurized isolation rooms and corridor areas should be at least 8 Pa, while the air change rate per hour (ACH) should be 8-12 times. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is applied to evaluate the ventilation performance and contamination control. Different layout arrangements of exhaust air have been proposed to enhance the ventilation performance for infection control. A simple projected air-jet curtain has been proposed in the simulation model to enhance extra protection of medical staff. The resulting ventilation control revealed that the contamination control can be improved through the minor adjustment of exhaust air arrangement and the application of an air-jet curtain.

A novel CFD analysis to minimize the spread of COVID-19 virus in hospital isolation room.

The COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease caused by a devastating coronavirus family (2019-nCoV) has become a pandemic across the globe. It is an infectious virus and transmits by inhalation or contact with droplet nuclei produced during sneezing, coughing, and speaking by infected people. Airborne transmission of COVID-19 is also possible in a confined place in the immediate environment of the infected person. Present study investigates the effectiveness of conditioned air released from air-conditioning machines to mix with aerosol sanitizer to reach every point of the space of the isolation room so as to kill the COVID-19 virus which will help to protect the lives of doctors, nurses and health care workers. In order to numerically model the laminar-transitional flows, transition SST k-ε model, which involves four transport equations are employed in the current study. It is found from the analysis that high turbulent fields generated inside the isolation room may be an effective way of distributing sanitizer in entire volume of isolation room to kill the COVID-19 virus.

Performance analysis of portable HEPA filters and temporary plastic anterooms on the spread of surrogate coronavirus.

The outbreak of COVID-19, and its current resurgence in the United States has resulted in a shortage of isolation rooms within many U.S. hospitals admitting COVID-19-positive cases. As a result, hospital systems, especially those at an epicenter of this outbreak, have initiated task forces to identify and implement various approaches to increase their isolation capacities. This paper describes an innovative temporary anteroom in addition to a portable air purifier unit to turn a general patient room into an isolation space. Using an aerosolization system with a surrogate oil-based substance, we evaluated the effectiveness of the temporary plastic anteroom and the portable air purifier unit. Moreover, the optimal location of the portable unit, as well as the effect of negative pressurization and door opening on the containment of surrogate aerosols were assessed. Results suggested that the temporary anteroom alone could prevent the migration of nearly 98% of the surrogate aerosols into the adjacent corridor. Also, it was shown that the best location of a single portable air purifier unit is inside the isolation room and near the patient's bed. The outcome of this paper can be widely used by hospital facilities managers when attempting to retrofit a general patient room into an airborne infection isolation room.

The role of isolation rooms, facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in the prevention of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission in a pulmonary clinical setting.

From December 25, 2019 to January 31, 2020, 33 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were identified in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China, yet none of the affiliated HCWs was infected. Here we analyzed the infection control measures used in three different departments in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and correlated the measures with the corresponding infection data of HCWs affiliated with these departments. We found that three infection control measures, namely the isolation of the presumed positive patients, the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene play important roles in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19.